Editorial Board

Lise Alschuler, ND, FABNO, is a naturopathic physician with board certification in naturopathic oncology and a graduate of Bastyr University where she received her naturopathic doctorate. Dr. Alschuler has been in practice for over 15 years. She is the immediate past-President of the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians and member of the American Board of Naturopathic Oncology Board of Medical Examiners. Dr. Alschuler is the Vice President of Quality and Education at Emerson Ecologics, a supplement distribution company based in Bedford NH. She also provides naturopathic oncology at Naturopathic Specialists, based out of Scottsdale AZ. Previous to this, she was Director of naturopathic medicine at Cancer Treatment Centers of America, a JCAHO accredited regional hospital specializing in comprehensive integrative cancer located north of Chicago. Dr. Alschuler co-authored The Definitive Guide to Cancer: An Integrative Approach to Prevention, Treatment and Healing (Celestial Arts, 2007). She has presented at numerous professional conferences, and continues to give presentations for lay and professional audiences. For more information visit www.drlise.net.

Matthew Baral, ND, received his naturopathic medical degree from Bastyr University in 2000. He is Chair of the Department of Pediatrics and Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine (SCNM). Dr. Baral also designed the first Naturopathic Pediatric Residency program in naturopathic medicine and serves as its Director. His private practice at SCNM focuses on primary pediatric care and autism. Dr. Baral also serves as the Medical Director of the Hamilton Elementary School Clinic, a free pediatric clinic that provides care to the students of one of the poorest school districts in Phoenix, Ariz.

Bill Benda, MD, is an emergency medicine physician, lecturer, writer, and researcher committed to the integration of alternative and conventional medicine. Dr. Benda graduated cum laude from Duke University, received his medical degree from the University of Miami School of Medicine at Jackson Memorial Hospital, and completed his residency in Emergency Medicine at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. He serves on the Board of Directors of the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians and the Board of Trustees of the American Holistic Medical Association. Dr. Benda is Associate Editor of both the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Integrative Medicine A Clinician's Journal

Robin Bernhoft, MD, FACS, is a former general surgeon with subspecialty training in liver and pancreatic surgery. He received his undergraduate degree from Harvard College and his medical degree from Washington University in St. Louis, completed his residency at University of California, San Francisco, and did a fellowship at Royal Postgraduate Med School in London. When Bernhoft became ill from environmental exposures, he retrained in environmental medicine and clinical metal toxicology in order to regain his health. He is now Medical Director of the Bernhoft Center for Advanced Medicine in Ojai, California, and president-elect of the American Academy of Environmental Medicine. Bernhoft speaks at national and international meetings on genomic medicine and environmental medicine. Visit his web site: www.drbernhoft.com.

Donald Brown, ND, is a naturopathic physician and one of the leading authorities in the US on evidence-based herbal medicine and the safety and efficacy of nutritional supplements. Dr. Brown currently serves as Vice President, Medical and Educational Affairs for Schwabe North America and its subsidiaries Nature’s Way, Enzymatic Therapy, and Integrative Therapeutics. He founded Natural Product Research Consultants, Inc. in 1990 and served as director of the organization until December 2007. He serves on the Advisory Board of the American Botanical Council (ABC) and is a member of the Board of Directors for the International Probiotics Association.

Matthew Budoff, MD, FACC, FAHA is an associate professor of medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and is the director of cardiac CT at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center in Torrance, CA. He has conducted extensive research over the last 15 years using the electron beam CT and multi-detector CT to identify patients at high-risk for cardiac events. He has published over 100 scientific papers on the topic of cardiology. Dr. Budoff is board certified in internal medicine and cardiovascular diseases and is a fellow of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association.

Carlo Calabrese, ND, MPH, is a Senior Investigator at the Helfgott Research Institute at National College of Natural Medicine. He received his ND from NCNM in 1983 and the MPH from the University of Washington. He was a founder and co-director of the research institute at Bastyr, where he authored the first successful application for an NIH grant to a naturopathic institution and developed the first research laboratory at a CAM academic institution. He is the Director of the recently-initiated Naturopathic Physicians Research Network. He has published clinical trials and observational studies in nutrients, botanicals, and CAM practices.

Jean-Yves Dionne, RPh, is a scientific advisor and natural health products consultant for several companies and professional organizations. He teaches at Université de Montréal and Université Laval. He is a collaborator and scientific reviewer for many publications both in French and English and is the author or co-author of several books including Herbs, Everyday Reference for Health Professionals. Mr Dionne also sits on the board of directors of the Natural Health Product Research Society of Canada (www.nhprs.ca). His research focus is the interaction between natural health products (NHPs) and pharmaceuticals as well as between conventional medicine and CAM. He is presently involved in a research project evaluating the risk benefit assessment of NHPs.

Geo Espinosa, ND, LAc, CNS, is the Director of the Integrative Urological Center at New York University Langone Medical Center. He is a licensed naturopathic doctor, licensed acupuncturist, a certified nutrition specialist and a registered herbalist. Dr. Espinosa did his residency/fellowship at Columbia University Medical Center. He is a member of the American Urology Association, the American Herbalist Guild, American Association of Naturopathic Physicians, and American Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. Dr. Espinosa is an author of the naturopathic entry in 1000 Cures for 200 ailments, and Prostate cancer - Nutrients that may slow its progression in Food and Nutrients in Disease Management.

Alan R. Gaby, MD, received his BA from Yale University, his MS in biochemistry from Emory University, and his MD from the University of Maryland. He is the author of the newly released textbook Nutritional Medicine. He is past president of the American Holistic Medical Association and has provided expert testimony to the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine regarding the cost-effectiveness of nutritional supplements. He is the author of Preventing and Reversing Osteoporosis and B6: The Natural Healer, and coauthor of The Patient's Book of Natural Healing. He has compiled a collection of more than 25,000 scientific papers related to the field of nutritional medicine.

Patrick Hanaway, MD, is a board-certified family physician with his Medical Degree from Washington University and residency training at the University of New Mexico. Dr. Hanaway is President of the American Board of Integrative Holistic Medicine and co-founded Family to Family: Your Home for Whole Family Health with his wife in Asheville, NC. He is currently the Chief Medical Officer at Genova Diagnostics. Dr. Hanaway's interests are in the research and clinical application of nutritional biochemistry, with an emphasis on digestion, immunology, prevention and wellness.

Carl Hangee-Bauer, ND, Lac, is the President of the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (AANP) and owner of San Francisco Natural Medicine where he integrates naturopathic medicine with acupuncture and traditional chinese medicine to provide natural health solutions to improve health and treat disease. He received his doctorate of naturopathic medicine from Bastyr University. He is a founding member and past president of the California Naturopathic Doctors Association and is one of the first Naturopathic Doctors to be licensed in California. In 2004, he was appointed by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger to the California Bureau of Naturopathic Medicine Advisory Council.

Tori Hudson, ND, graduated from the National College of Naturopathic Medicine and has served the college in several capacities, including medical director, associate academic dean, and academic dean. She has been practicing for 26 years, is currently a clinical professor at The National College of Naturopathic Medicine and Bastyr University, is medical director of her clinic in Portland, Oregon, and is director of product research and education for VITANICA. She is the author of the Womens Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, 2nd edition. Hudson serves on several editorial boards, advisory panels, and as a consultant to the natural products industry. For more information, visit www.drtorihudson.com and www.instituteofwomenshealth.com

Mark Hyman, MD, is Vice-Chair of the Board of Directors and faculty of the Institute for Functional Medicine. He graduated from Cornell University and received his medical degree from the Ottawa University School of Medicine. He is on the Board of Directors of the Center for Mind Body Medicine, and on the Board of Advisors and faculty for the Food as Medicine training program, and Memhet Oz's HealthCorps. He co-authored Ultraprevention: The 6-week Program That Will Make You Healthy for Life and wrote UltraMetabolism: The Simple Plan for Automatic Weight Loss. His latest book is The UltraMind Solution. For more information, visit www.ultrawellness.com. To see Dr. Hyman’s interview on 60 Minutes, click here.

Ellen Kamhi, PhD, RN, has been involved in Natural Medicine since 1973. Dr. Kamhi attended Rutgers and Cornell Universities, sat on the Panel of Traditional Medicine at Columbia Presbyterian Medical School, and is a Clinical Instructor at Stony Brook Medical School, and at NY Chiropractic College, where she teaches Botanical Pharmacology. A respected authority in the field of natural healing, Dr. Kamhi is a professional member of the American Herbalist Guild (AHG) and is nationally board certified as a holistic nurse (a-HNC). She is the author or co-author of many books including Cycles of Life, Herbs for Women, and The Natural Medicine Chest. For more information, visit www.naturalnurse.com.

Mary Jo Kreitzer, PhD, RN, is founder and director of the Center for Spirituality and Healing. Dr. Kreitzer earned her doctoral degree in health services research and her masters and bachelor's degrees in nursing. She is currently the co-PI of several clinical trials including a clinical trial of mindfulness meditation with solid organ transplant patients. Dr. Kreitzer teaches a course on optimal healing environments in the graduate minor in complementary therapies and healing practices and is a tenured professor in the School of Nursing. She also served as the vice-chair of the Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine. Her website is www.csh.umn.edu.

Iva Lloyd, ND, RPP, is a Naturopathic Doctor, Registered Polarity Practitioner, and Reiki Master. In 2002, she founded Naturopathic Foundations. She teaches part-time at the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine and writes for various journals and magazines. She is editor of the Vital Link - the journal for the Canadian Association of Naturopathic Doctors. Dr. Lloyd is the author of four books: Building a Successful Naturopathic Practice, Messages from the Body, A Guide to the Energetics of Health, The Energetics of Health, a naturopathic assessment and History of Naturopathic Medicine, a Canadian Perspective.

Douglas “Duffy” MacKay, N.D., is Vice President, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs for the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN). Dr. MacKay is a licensed Naturopathic Doctor and was a co-owner and practitioner in a family-owned New Hampshire complementary and alternative medicine private practice for seven years. In addition to his hands-on experience as a practitioner in the field of integrative medicine, he spent eight years working as a medical consultant for two companies in the dietary supplement industry. Dr. MacKay has published articles in peer-reviewed journals, and earned his N.D. from the National College of Naturopathic Medicine in Portland, Oregon.

Tracy Marsden holds both a BSc and a BSc in Pharmacy. She received a Diploma in Homeopathic Pharmacy in 1996, and was subsequently awarded a Fellowship in the British Institute of Homeopathy. She was a community pharmacist for 15 years. Tracy is a Past-President of the Alberta College of Pharmacists and has given presentations and written articles on all areas of natural health for public and professional audiences. She is co-author of the Canadian bestseller, You've Hit Menopause: Now What?, and is currently Vice-President and part-owner of Rocky Mountain Analytical, Canada's largest laboratory specializing in preventive testing (www.rmalab.com).

Keri Marshall, ND, is the Medical Director for Gaia Herbs and is in private practice in the Washington DC area. She is a licensed naturopathic doctor specializing in pediatrics and chronic disease management. Dr. Marshall received her naturopathic medical degree from National College of Naturopathic Medicine, her Masters in Epidemiology from SUNY at Buffalo, and her BS from George Washington University. She has authored many journal articles, has served on several advisory boards, the NH Board of Naturopathic Examiners, and appears regularly in the media.

Morgan Martin, ND, LM, CPM is a naturopathic physician and licensed midwife. Her career has been dedicated to the education of future practitioners and the provision of evidence-based, relationship-centered care. Dr. Martin has been providing naturopathic and midwifery care to women and their families since 1991. She was Chair of Bastyr University’s Naturopathic Midwifery Program from 1993 to 2009. Her memberships include the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians and the Midwives Alliance of North America. Dr. Martin is founding Vice President of the American Association of Naturopathic Midwives and a founding member of the Academic Consortium for Complementary and Alternative Health Care.

Mona Morstein, ND, graduated from National College of Natural Medicine where she also did a year residency in Family Practice. She then moved to Great Falls, Mont., where she had a private practice for 13 years before joining Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine (SCNM). She is Chair of the Nutrition Department, associate professor, and clinical supervisor at SCNM. Dr. Morstein is a general practitioner who uses numerous modalities and has focuses on diabetes, gastroenterology, and women's health.

Michael T. Murray, ND, is President and CEO of Dr. Murray Natural Living and is Director of Product Development and Education for Natural Factors, a major manufacturer of nutritional and herbal supplements. Dr. Murray is a graduate, faculty member, and serves on the Board of Regents of Bastyr University, where he received his doctorate in Naturopathic Medicine. He is co-author of A Textbook of Natural Medicine and the Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine. He has also written over 20 other books including Dr. Murray's Total Body Tune-Up, The Pill Book Guide to Natural Medicines, and The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods.

Cheryl Myers, RN, is recognized as an expert in the health and dietary supplement field. She writes, gives public appearances, and acts as a research and media consultant. She graduated from Purdue University, and also has clinical certifications in oncology and gerontology, and has a second degree in psychology. Cheryl's nationally published articles have addressed a variety of health applications for natural products, and Cheryl has been a featured guest on radio shows, and is frequently interviewed by a variety of periodicals, including the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Prevention Magazine, and Healthy Living.

Kasra Pournadeali (pour-na-deli), ND, the Director of the Northwest Center for Optimal Health, has been a healthcare provider since 1992. He serves on the Foundation for Care Management, an ACCME and ACPE-Accredited CME granting organization, and is a graduate of Oklahoma and Bastyr University where he serves as faculty. Dr. Pournadeali speaks and writes locally and nationally, is Past President of the Washington Association of Naturopathic Physicians, and led the administration that modernized the naturopathic scope in Washington in 2004 and again in 2005.

Harry Preuss, MD, MACN, CNS, is Professor of Physiology, Medicine & Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Past President Certification Board for Nutrition Specialists (CNS), member of the Board of Directors National Alliance for Health (NAH-US), President and 9th Master of the American College of Nutrition (ACN), former Established Investigator of the American Heart Association, past member of three NIH councils, member of the National Cholesterol Education Program, author of more than 600 medical publications, including authorship or editorship of nine books. Dr. Preuss received his degree in medicine from Cornell University Medical College with special research and clinical training at Vanderbilt, Cornell, and Georgetown University Medical Centers, and the NIH.

Corey Resnick, ND, has been a licensed naturopathic physician for over 30 years. He graduated from National College of Naturopathic Medicine where he served on the board of directors and taught on the faculty. He also served as a director of the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians. Dr. Resnick also had a naturopathic family practice near Portland, Ore. Dr. Resnick co-founded Tyler Encapsulations and currently serves as a consultant for Integrative Therapeutics specializing in dietary supplements for healthcare practitioners. He has lectured internationally on clinical nutrition and is a contributing author to the Textbook of Natural Medicine.

Cathy Carlson-Rink is a licensed naturopathic physician and registered midwife practicing at the Family Health Clinic in Langley, BC, and an instructor of obstetrics at the Boucher Institute of Naturopathic Medicine. She obtained her Bachelor of Science in Physical Education from the University of Saskatchewan and received her degrees in naturopathic medicine and midwifery from Bastyr University in Seattle, Wash. Dr. Carlson-Rink is recognized as the first naturopathic physician in Canada to also work as a licensed midwife. To date, she has 'caught' more than 400 babies.

Barry W. Ritz, PhD, is the Vice President of Scientific Affairs at Atrium Innovations, Inc., and is an active researcher in the emerging field of nutritional immunology. Dr. Ritz completed his master's and doctorate degrees at Drexel University. He is involved in a number of professional organizations, including the American Society for Nutritional Sciences. Dr. Ritz has presented his research at national and international meetings, has numerous publications in scientific journals, and recently completed a chapter on the use of nutraceuticals for immune restoration in the elderly in the Handbook on Immunosenescence: Basic Understanding and Clinical Applications.

Daniel Rubin, ND, is a board-certified naturopathic oncologist. He received his naturopathic medical degree from Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine. Practicing in Scottsdale, Ariz., at Naturopathic Specialists, LLC, Dr. Rubin has focused on the integration of naturopathic care with the conventional medical system. Dr. Rubin is Vice Chairperson of the Arizona Naturopathic Medical Board, Vice Chairperson of the American Board of Naturopathic Oncology, and sits on the Board of Directors of the Oncology Association of Naturopathic Physicians. For more information visit www.naturopathicspecialists.com.

Susan Ryan, DO, received her medical degree from The College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific in Pomona, California. She completed a residency in Family Medicine and a Sports Medicine Fellowship and is Board Certified in both. She has served as a team physician for collegiate, Olympic and professional athletes in a multitude of sports. She actively teaches residents and medical students while practicing Emergency Medicine at Rose Medical Center in Denver, Colorado. She has contributed a chapter to The Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine: Women in Sport as well as written numerous articles and given lectures about exercise and medicine.

Alexander Schauss, PhD, FACN, is the Senior Research Director of Natural and Medicinal Products Research, and CEO at AIBMR Life Sciences. He earned his undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees at the University of New Mexico at Albuquerque and California Coast University in Santa Ana, respectively. He is an Emeritus Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, an Honorary Founding Member of the British Society of Nutritional Medicine, and Emeritus Executive Director of the American Preventive Medical Association. He has authored or co-authored numerous books. For more information visit www.aibmr.com.

Jacob Schor ND, FABNO, is a graduate of National College of Naturopathic Medicine and now practices in Denver. He served as president to the Colorado Association of Naturopathic Physicians, and is now on the board of directors of the Oncology Association of Naturopathic Physicians and is recognized as a Fellow by the American Board of Naturopathic Oncology. He serves on the editorial board for the International Journal of Naturopathic Medicine. In 2008, he was awarded the Vis Award by the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians. His writing appears often in Naturopathy Digest and Naturopathic Doctor News and Review.

Fraser Smith, ND, is Assistant Dean of Naturopathic Medicine at National University of Health Sciences in Lombard, Ill. Dr. Smith graduated from Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine where he later served as faculty member and eventually Dean of the Naturopathic Program. He is also the author of the textbook An Introduction to Principles and Practices of Naturopathic Medicine. For more information about National University visit www.nuhs.edu.

Frank Strehl, DC, DABCI, is an adjunct faculty member teaching OB/GYN at the National University of Health Sciences and is a post-doctoral instructor in the Diplomate internist program. Dr. Strehl has been in private practice for nearly 30 years. He did his graduate studies in anatomic pathology at the George Washington University School of Medicine, and Dr. Strehl also attended the National University of Health Sciences. Dr. Strehl served as President of the American Chiropractic Association’s Council on Diagnosis and Internal Disorders and has been the ACA delegate for Northern Illinois, where he serves on several committees.

Michael Taylor, DC, DABCI, is the developer of the Oklahoma Wellness Campaign. He received his undergraduate degree from Pittsburg State University, in Pittsburg, Kan. and his doctorate from Logan College of Chiropractic in St. Louis, Mo. Dr. Taylor is past president of the Chiropractic Association of Oklahoma, current elected delegate from Oklahoma to the ACA House of Delegates, and a member of the American Chiropractic Association. He has authored numerous articles in publications including: Journal of the American Chiropractic Association, Journal of the Unified Chiropractic Association of Oklahoma, The Internist, and Dynamic Chiropractic.

Sherry Torkos is a pharmacist, author, and fitness instructor. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in Pharmacy from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science and practices holistic pharmacy in the Niagara region of Ontario. She has delivered hundreds of lectures to medical professionals and the public and is frequently interviewed on radio and TV talk shows throughout North America and abroad. Sherry has authored 14 books and booklets, including The Canadian Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, The Glycemic Index Made Simple, Winning at Weight Loss, and Breaking the Age Barrier. Her website is www.sherrytorkos.com.

Michael Traub ND, DHANP, FABNO has practiced in Hawaii for 24 years. He is Past-President of the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (AANP) and was awarded the AANP’s Naturopathic Physician of the Year award in 2006. He is the author of Essentials of Dermatological Diagnosis and Integrative Therapeutics. His website is www.michaeltraubnd.com.

Catherine (Kate) Ulbricht, PharmD, MBA[c] is co-founder of Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com). She serves as Senior Attending Pharmacist, Massachusetts General Hospital and Adjunct/Assistant Clinical Professor at multiple universities. She serves on the Editorial Board of Harvard Health Publications, Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, Journal of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Pharmacy Practice News and many others. She is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Dietary Supplements. Her background includes experience in the areas of quality improvement, healthcare informatics, regulatory affairs, clinical trial protocol analysis and drug therapy decision-support. She has also been trained in physical therapy and chiropractic care.

Debi Walker, ND, received her doctorate in naturopathic medicine from Bastyr University. She then completed a two year residency in naturopathic oncology at the Cancer Treatment Centers of America in Zion, Illinois. Dr. Walker has a background in research in molecular biology and received her bachelor’s degree in physiology/cell biology from UC Santa Barbara. She currently resides in Lake Tahoe where she is a research consultant, a professor at Sierra Nevada College and is furthering her clinical research experience by initiating her pursuit of a master’s degree in public health at the University of Nevada, Reno.

Farid Wassef, RPh, received his BSc in Pharmacy from the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy in Boston, Mass. In 2001 he received his license as a Certified Clinical Nutritionist from the International and American Association of Clinical Nutritionists in Addison, Tex. Farid Wassef is a community pharmacist who integrates diet and natural medicine along with pharmaceutical care. He has authored a number of journal articles and continuing education courses and has lectured across North America and Europe. In 2003, he coauthored, Breaking the Age Barrier. In 2006 he was honoured as the Canadian Pharmacist of the Year for his excellence in patient care.

Marcus Webb, BSc, ND, DO, is a registered Naturopath and Osteopath with clinics in London and Scotland. He qualified in 1988 from the British College of Osteopathic medicine (formally the British College of Naturopathy and Osteopathy) where he served as a part-time lecturer for four years. Marcus has a special professional interest in the nutritional management of osteoporosis and chronic pain disorders using medical acupuncture. He continues to lecture to special interest groups as well as writing and broadcasting for the public in magazines and on his popular alternative health call-in BBC radio show. Marcus is also a chartered Biologist and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine. For more information visit www.hadleywoodhealthcare.co.uk.

Decker Weiss, NMD, is the Chief Medical Officer for Better Heart, Better Life. Dr. Weiss earned his naturopathic medical doctorate at Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine and received graduate degrees from Arizona State University and Grand Canyon University, as well as his B.S. from Western Illinios University. He is a member and serves on the advisory board for numerous associations. Dr. Weiss is the author of several popular and professional print articles, as well as the book The Weiss Method: Better Heart, Better Life.

Eric Yarnell, ND, is assistant professor in the department of botanical medicine at Bastyr University and past chair of the department of botanical medicine at the Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine and Health Sciences. He is chief medical officer at Northwest Naturopathic Urology, Inc. in Seattle, WA, where he has practiced for the past 6 years. He completed a residency with Silena Heron, ND, in Sedona, AZ, and has also practiced in Colorado. He is author or coauthor of many textbooks including Naturopathic Gastroenterology, Naturopathic Urology and Men’s Health, and Clinical Botanical Medicine, 2nd ed. More information is available at urologynd.com.

Heather Zwickey, PhD, is Dean of Research at the National College of Natural Medicine, director of Helfgott Research Institute, and Associate Professor of Immunology. Currently, she heads several pilot studies looking at the effects of botanicals, hydrotherapy, energy medicine, and diet on immunological parameters. Dr. Zwickey trained at the National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver, Colo. She received a PhD in Immunology and Microbiology from the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Yale University.